Petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation: sampling and analytical techniques, in situ treatments and commercial microorganisms currently used |
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Authors: | A Korda P Santas A Tenente R Santas |
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Institution: | (1) Oiko Technics Institute, 50 Kefallenias St., Ano Helioupolis, Athens 16342, Greece Tel.: ++301 924 1434 Fax.: ++301 924 9308; e-mail: santas@hol.gr, GR |
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Abstract: | The sampling and analytical methods, along with available microorganisms, used for in situ hydrocarbon bioremediation are
reviewed. Each treatment method is briefly described and its advantages and limitations pertaining to potential applications
are evaluated. Bioremediation provides cost-effective, contaminant- and substrate-specific treatments equally successful in
reducing the concentrations of single compounds or mixtures of biodegradable materials. In situ treatments rarely yield undesirable
byproducts, but precautions and preliminary baseline tests are always recommended. Sampling methods should adhere to good
laboratory and field practices and usually do not require highly trained personnel. Analytical methods vary in sensitivity,
cost, duration of sample analysis and personnel training required. Voucher specimens of bacterial strains used in bioremediation
exist in various repositories (e.g. ATCC, DSM, etc.) or are commercially available, and are usually covered by patent rights.
Each one of these strains may yield spectacular results in vitro for specific target compounds. However, the overall success
of such strains in treating a wide range of contaminants in situ remains limited. The reintroduction of indigenous microorganisms
isolated from the contaminated site after culturing seems to be a highly effective bioremediation method, especially when
microorganism growth is supplemented by oxygen and fertilizers.
Received: 10 June 1997 / Received revision: 14 August 1997 / Accepted: 25 August 1997 |
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