基于生态系统服务供求评价的空间分异特征与生态格局划分——以长三角城市群为例

生态系统服务供给与需求能力存在显著的空间异质性与空间失衡,对区域经济发展与环境保护产生巨大影响。以长三角城市群区县为研究单元,分别核算其生态系统服务供给与需求值,引入梯度分析,分析生态系统服务供给与需求的空间特征,并基于供求分析提出长三角城市群生态格局分区方案,且针对性地提出相应片区的发展策略,为长三角城市群土地利用规划、区域协调发展提供科学依据。研究结果表明:(1)长三角城市群生态系统服务供给能力与土地利用类型密切相关,呈现从北到南逐渐升高趋势;(2)长三角城市群生态系统服务需求能力与社会经济发展联系紧密,在长江入海口附近形成生态系统服务需求高值区,然后向外围递减;(3)沪宁杭庐发展梯度带上,生态系统服务供需大致呈现负相关趋势;(4)基于生态系统服务供需关系构建,得到长三角城市群生态格局四大分区:生态保育区(高供给-高需求),生态修复区(低供给-高需求),生态重塑区(低供给-低需求),生态开发区(高供给-低需求)。

Spatial differentiation and ecological patterns of urban agglomeration based on evaluations of supply and demand of ecosystem services: A case study on the Yangtze River Delta

Significant spatial heterogeneity and spatial imbalance exist in the supply and demand capabilities of ecosystem services, which have a huge impact on regional economic development and environmental protection. Taking the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as the research unit, its supply and demand of ecosystem services was separately calculated in this study. With gradient analysis, the spatial characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand were summarized. Based on the analysis of the supply and demand, an ecological pattern zoning scheme for the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and targeted development strategies for different parts of the area were proposed, which would provide scientific bases for the land-use planning and regional coordinated development of the area. Results of this research show that: (1) the supply capacity of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is closely related to the type of land use, showing a gradual increase from north to south; (2) there is a close connection between the demand for ecosystem services in the area and socioeconomic development, where a high-value area for ecosystem service demand is formed near the estuary of the Yangtze River and then declines toward the periphery; (3) the supply and demand of ecosystem services has a negative trend along the urban-rural gradient that transects across Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou-Hefei; and (4) based on the relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services, the ecological pattern of urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta can be divided into four zones: an ecological conservation area (high supply-high demand), an ecological restoration area (low supply-high demand), an ecological remodeling area (low supply-low demand), and an ecological development area (high supply-low demand).