贵州两处茶园溶磷青霉菌的筛选、鉴定及溶磷能力分析

为维持土壤自然完整性、活化利用土壤中难溶性磷,从贵州名茶产地都匀、贵定茶园土壤中筛选高效溶磷真菌,为制备真菌肥料提供菌种资源。利用溶磷指数(SPI)、形态特征和ITS rDNA序列筛选、鉴定菌株,并采用液体摇床培养实验测定鉴定菌株在以磷酸钙、磷酸铁或磷酸铝为唯一磷源的无机磷液体培养基中的溶磷能力。共筛选到7个高效溶磷菌落,经形态观察分属2种菌株,鉴定为微紫青霉(Penicillium janthinellum)和赭绿青霉(Penicillium ochrochloron)。液体培养基接种、摇床培养15 d,微紫青霉菌在以Ca3(PO4)2、Fe3(PO4)2或AlPO4为唯一磷源的上清液中有效磷含量分别为73.47 mg·L^-1、30.93 mg·L^-1和14.00 mg·L^-1,4℃继续保存至30d后对Fe-P和Al-P的溶解量分别达到72.20 mg·L^-1、32.84 mg·L^-1;赭绿青霉菌培养15d的溶磷量分别为30.72 mg·L^-1、4.14 mg·L^-1和1.51 mg·L^-1,30d对Fe-P和Al-P的溶解量分别达到35.19 mg·L^-1和10.98 mg·L^-1。微紫青霉菌溶解无机磷能力明显优于赭绿青霉菌,有望应用于地区缺磷茶园土壤真菌肥料的制备。

Screening,identification and analysis of phosphate-solubilizing Penicillium in tea soil

In order to maintain the natural soil integrity,activate the use of soil insoluble phosphorus and provide seed resources for the preparation of microbial fertilizer,high efficient phosphate-solublizing fungi were screened from Duyun and Guiding famous tea gardens in Guizhou Province.The soluble phosphorus index(SPI),morphological characteristics and ITS rDNA sequence were used to screen and identify the strain.The inorganic phosphate-solubilizing ability of the strain in the liquid medium with calcium phosphate,iron phosphate or aluminum phosphate as the sole phosphorus source was determined by liquid shaking bed culture experiment.A total of 7 highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing fungal colonies,which belonged to two strains by morphological observation,were screened.The two strains were identified as Penicillium janthinellum and Penicillium ochrochloron.After liquid medium inoculation and shaker culture for 15 days,the available phosphorus content of Penicillium janthinellum was 73.47 mg·L^-1,30.93 mg·L^-1 and 14.00 mg·L^-1 respectively in the supernatant with Ca3(PO4)2,Fe3(PO4)2 or AlPO4 as the only phosphorus source,and the dissolution of the latter two reached 72.20 mg·L^-1 and 32.84 mg·L^-1 respectively after being stored at 4℃ for 30 days.At the same time,the available phosphorus content of Penicillium ochrochloron was 30.72 mg·L^-1,4.14 mg·L^-1 and 1.51 mg·L^-1 respectively during 15 days incubation period,and the latter two reached 35.19 mg·L^-1 and 10.98 mg·L^-1 respectively in 30 days.The ability of Penicillium janthinellum to dissolve inorganic phosphorus is obviously better than that of Penicillium ochrochloron,which is expected to be applied in the preparation of soil fungal fertilizer of phosphorus deficient tea gardens in the region.