中国蜘蛛生态学研究概况

简要综述我国蜘蛛生态学研究,包括生态因子的研究;蜘蛛种群研究:蜘蛛群落及其多样性研究;蜘蛛的捕食以及运用血清学方法研究以及蜘蛛的生物学特性及生活史研究。

THE SURVEY OF ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHINESE SPIDERS

The present paper deals with the survey of ecological study. The ecological study of Chinese Ara-chology developed with the research of controling pests by spiders in agricultural fields. Inl970 s,an investigation of the resources of natural enemies has been made in all over our country. It is clear that spider arc main components of natural enemies of pests. Up to now,there 873 species colleeted from rice fields: 205 ones from cotton fields; 194 from citrus groves and 212 from tea plantation.The need of production promotes the development of science .which is refected on both taxonomy and ecology. Chinese ecologists have done the following works in the past 20 years. (1). Study on the effects of environmental factors, temperature and food factors on ontogeny, fecundity and survival of about 20 species. (2). Through the study on spider population under laboratory condition and agroeco-logical manner.they obtained some valuable results,such as the dominant species and the spider popu lation density are variable in different kinds of fields, provinces, seasons and altitudes etc.; the relationships of spatial pattern,predacious behavior of spider and its victem in rice field arc clear and coincided to each other. (3). The ecologist worked on spider community and diversity in both rice and cot ton fields. They found that the different environments cause the difference of spider diversity ,the corn ponents of spider community and its distribution trends. They also tried to classify the types of distm button groups of spider community in natural ecological system as -well as the agroeeological system. Eight types of distribution groups of spider community were discussed. (4). The ecological study has a developmental process in China. That is :the development is from staitc to dynamic,from indrvidusl to community. from determining the nature to determining the quantity. So some new research methods must be used,especially the biostatistics ,serological and computer technologies.