Spatio-environmental determinants of the genetic structure of three steppe species in a highly fragmented landscape |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany;2. Independent Institute for Environmental Issues, Greifswalder Straße 4, D-10405 Berlin, Germany;3. Department Nature Conservation, State Administration of Saxony-Anhalt, Dessauer Straße 70, 06118 Halle (Saale), Germany;4. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;5. State University Altai, Prospekt Lenina 68, 656 049 Barnaul, Russian Federation;6. International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany;7. Botany Department, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PO Box 300 154, D-02806 Görlitz, Germany;1. Ecological-Botanical Gardens, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;2. Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;3. Department of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Ecology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;1. Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;2. Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;3. CREAF, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain;4. Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain;1. Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prawdziwka St. 2, 02-976 Warszawa, Poland;2. Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;3. Laboratory od Palaeobiology and Ewolution, Department of Biosystematics, Opole University, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland;4. Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;5. Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPE RAS), Bol. Gruzinskaya, 10, Moscow, Russia;1. Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg D-15374, Germany;2. Zoology, Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle D-06099, Germany;3. Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier D-54286, Germany;1. Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan;2. Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Japan;3. Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan;4. Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan;5. Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan;1. The Museum of Nature at V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Trinkler str. 8, Kharkiv 61058, Ukraine;2. Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum Braunschweig, Gausstrasse 22, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany;3. National Park “Dvorichansky”, Privokzalna str. 51, Dvorichna, Kharkiv Oblast 62701, Ukraine;4. Dagestan State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology, apt. 13, 37a, M. Gadzhiyeva st., Makhachkala, Dagestan 367025, Russia;5. Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of Russian Academy of Science, Komzina str. 10, Togliatti 445003, Russia;6. Tula Regional Exotarium, Oktyabr’skaya str. 26, Tula 300002, Russia;7. Volzhsko-Kamsky National Nature Biosphere Reserve, Vekchnik str., 1, Sadovyi set. Zelenodolsk distr., Tatarstan Republic 422537, Russia;8. The Shmalgauzen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, B. Khemlnits’kogo st., 15, Kyiv-30, 01601, Ukraine;9. Karadagh Nature Reserve of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Nauki str., 24, Theodosia 98188, AR Crimea, Ukraine;10. Institute of Genofond of Animals and Plants, Durmon-yuli str., 32, Toshkent, Uzbekistan;11. Institute of Zoology, al-Farabi Av., 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan;12. Göteborg Natural History Museum, Box 7283, SE-402 35 Göteborg, Sweden;13. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab., 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;14. Federal State Institution Sochi National Park, Ul. Moskovskaya, 13, Sochi, Krasnodarsky Krai 354000, Russia;15. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;p. Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Habitat fragmentation can lead to substantial genetic depletion. As a consequence, restoration schemes often involve the introduction of propagules into isolated plant populations to improve genetic diversity. To avoid introducing maladapted seed material, such measures need to account for landscape genetic processes. However, surprisingly little is known as to whether different species within a distinct fragmented ecosystem respond similarly or idiosyncratically to eco-geographical variation.Using AFLP markers, we studied the population genetic structure in three species of the highly fragmented Kulunda steppe (South Siberia): Adonis villosa, Jurinea multiflora and Paeonia hybrida. In each population, we conducted a vegetation survey. We performed Mantel tests and an RDA approach to investigate how genetic structure was affected by three spatio-environmental variables: spatial distance, floristic composition and climate.Despite strong fragmentation, genetic diversity was moderate (A. villosa, J. multiflora) to high (P. hybrida), while differentiation was weak (A. villosa) to moderate (P. hybrida, J. multiflora). Mantel tests showed that spatial distance correlated with genetic distance in A. villosa and P. hybrida. Floristic composition was significantly associated with genetic differentiation in A. villosa. Climate did not have an effect on genetic structure in any species.All three species are long-lived, which may contribute to explaining why genetic effects of recent fragmentation are still limited. We highlight that floristic composition can be a powerful predictor of population differentiation in species that show rather stable conditions in their recent population histories (e.g. A. villosa). This can have important implications for identifying source populations where restoration actions involve the (re)introduction of propagules. In contrast, for P. hybrida and J. multiflora, we could not identify deterministic drivers of differentiation. We advocate that future studies should aim at disentangling the interactive effects of varying life cycles, eco-evolutionary population histories and spatio-environmental heterogeneity in fragmented landscapes. |
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| Keywords: | AFLP Functional connectivity Fragmentation Genetic drift Kulunda steppe Landscape genetics Restoration ecology |
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