生态因素对蛾类昆虫交配与生殖的影响

对于两性生殖的昆虫而言,两性交配过程是产生后代及维持种群繁衍的必要环节。然而,昆虫的生殖行为经常受到一系列的内部生理因素和外部生态因素的影响,最终导致昆虫的生殖适合度产生差异。本文以蛾类昆虫为例,通过检索国内外文献,分析比较了气候因素(温度、湿度和光照)、生物因素(寄主植物、天敌和共生菌)和农事活动等生态因素对这类昆虫交配行为和生殖适合度的影响。结果表明,这些因子不但影响该类昆虫的交配行为(包括求偶与交配高峰、交配成功率、交配次数和交配持续时间等),还影响其生殖适合度(如产卵前期、产卵期、产卵量、孵化率和寿命等)。这些研究为深入开展蛾类昆虫的生殖行为生态学研究提供理论基础,同时为揭示蛾类昆虫的种群暴发机制以及该类害虫的科学防控提供线索。

Effects of ecological factors onmating and reproduction in moths

Mating is a fundamental process to produce progeny and maintain the population for insects of sexual reproduction. However, this behavior is influenced by a series of internal physiological factors and external ecological factors which ultimately affect the reproductive fitness of insects. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of ecological factors, including climatic conditions (temperature, humidity and light), biological factors (host plants, natural enemies and symbionts)and husbandry activities on mating behavior and reproductive fitness in moths by collecting a large number of domestic and foreign literatures. The results showed that these ecological factors affected not only the mating behavior (including the peak of courtship and mating, mating success, mating frequency and mating duration, etc.), but also the reproductive fitness (including pre-oviposition period, oviposition period, fecundity, fertility and longevity, etc.). These researches provided theoretical bases for further research on reproductive ecological behavior and some clues for revealing the mechanism of population outbreak and the scientific prevention of moth pests.