Early agonistic experience and rank acquisition among free-ranging infant rhesus monkeys |
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Authors: | C M Berman |
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Institution: | (1) Northwestern University, 60201 Evanston, Illinois;(2) Caribbean Primate Research Center, 00741 Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico;(3) Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14261 Buffalo, New York |
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Abstract: | Several aspects of agonistic experience are described for freeranging infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)on Cayo Santiago. Even before infants are fully integrated with peers in rank dominance based on maternal ranks,infants of highranking mothers tend to be threatened less frequently by other members of the group and are less likely to
be threatened by unfamiliar individuals than are infants of lowranking mothers. There is no evidence that fearful interactions
between pairs of infants are related to their mother’s ranks before 22 weeks of age. However, an imperfect hierarchy can be
constructed for infants between 27 and 30 weeks of age. At this age,infants of higherranking mothers are also more likely to receive protection when threatened than are infants of lowerranking
mothers. When protected, their protectors are less likely to emit fearful gestures to the infants’ threatener. Close female
relatives appear to play a large role in the protection of infants and may be more directly responsible for the differences
described above than the mother, other relatives, or other highranking members of the group. It is suggested that more than
one mechanism, including intervention by the mother and by close female relatives,may be important in rank acquisition among peers. |
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Keywords: | rhesus monkeys agonistic experience rank acquisition intervention kinship infant social development |
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