Post- and pre-synaptic action of isotocin in the upper esophageal sphincter muscle of the eel: its role in water drinking |
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Authors: | Takashi Sakihara Yohei Watanabe Takao Mukuda Masaaki Ando |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan |
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Abstract: | Isotocin is a fish analogue of the mammalian hormone oxytocin. To elucidate sites of action of isotocin (IT) in the upper
esophageal sphincter (UES) muscle, a key muscle in swallowing, IT was applied after treatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX). Even
after blocking nerve activity with TTX, IT relaxes the UES muscle in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that IT
receptor(s) is present on the muscle cells. Similar relaxation was also obtained by application of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
(IBMX), forskolin (FSK) and 8-bromo-adenosine, 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8BrcAMP) after pretreatment with TTX, suggesting
that the relaxing effect (postsynaptic action) of IT may be mediated by cAMP. In contrast to such relaxing effect, IT enhanced
the UES contraction induced by repetitive electrical field stimulation (EFS). Such enhancement was blocked by an IT receptor
antagonist, suggesting that this effect is also mediated by IT receptor(s). Similar enhancement was also induced by IBMX,
FSK and 8BrcAMP, suggesting the enhancing effect is also mediated by cAMP. However, no enhancing effect of IT was observed
when the muscle was stimulated by carbachol, or after treatment with curare or TTX, denying the postsynaptic modulatory action
of IT and suggesting presynaptic action for IT, i.e., accelerating acetylcholine release. Summarizing these results, role
of IT in precisely regulating the drinking rate in the seawater eel is discussed. |
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Keywords: | Isotocin Upper esophageal sphincter muscle Postsynaptic action Presynaptic action Swallowing |
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