Revisiting PD-1/PD-L pathway in T and B cell response: Beyond immunosuppression |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China;1. Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy;2. Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, Bergamo, Italy;3. Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;4. Harvard Premedical Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;5. Medical Oncology, Hospital of Nuoro, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy;6. Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;1. Digestive Surgery Research Laboratory, Price Institute of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA;2. Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE), Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA;3. Gastroenterology, Rochester, MI, John D. Dingell VAMC, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Wayne State University, MI, USA;1. Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran;2. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Jahrom, Fars, Iran;4. Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;5. Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;6. Kurdistan Immunology & Hematology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran;7. Stem Cell Research Center and Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;8. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran;9. Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;10. Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;11. Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;12. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;1. Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China;2. Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China;3. Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China;1. Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;3. Department of Rheumatology, the Second People''s Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China;4. Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China;5. Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong; Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, China;6. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;7. Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China |
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| Abstract: | The regulation of T cell response depends on co-inhibitory pathways that serve to control immune-mediated tissue damage and resolve inflammation by modulating the magnitude and duration of immune response. In this process, the axis of T-cell-expressed programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) play a key role. While the PD-1/PD-L pathway has received considerable attention for its role in the maintenance of T cell exhaustion in cancer and chronic infection, the PD-1/PD-L pathway also plays diverse roles in regulating host immunity beyond T cell exhaustion. In this review, we will discuss emerging concepts in co-stimulatory functions of PD-1/PD-L pathway on T cell- and B cell response and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. In addition, based on the elevated expression of PD-1 and its ligands in local inflamed tissues, we further discussed the role of PD-1/PD-L pathway in autoimmune diseases. |
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| Keywords: | PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L2 Autoimmune Co-stimulatory Immune regulation |
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