Correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and polarization in tumor-associated macrophages: A key player in tumor immunotherapy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center of Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China;2. Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China;3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People''s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;4. Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China;5. Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | 
Tumor immunotherapy, such as PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, has shown promising clinical efficacy in patients with various types of tumors. However, the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in a majority of malignancies is limited, indicating an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 axis-mediated tumor tolerance. As the most abundant immune cells in the tumor stroma, macrophages display multiple phenotypes and functions in response to the stimuli of the tumor microenvironment. PD-1/PD-L1 has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and TAM polarization has been shown to be important during tumor progression. In this review, we outline the relationship between TAM PD-1/PD-L1 expression and polarizations, summarize the involvement of M2 TAMs in PD-1/PD-L1-mediated T-cell exhaustion, and discuss improved approaches for overcoming PD-1/PD-L1 blockade resistance by inducing M2/M1 switching of TAMs. |
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| Keywords: | PD-1/PD-L1 Immune checkpoint blockade Macrophages T cells Polarization |
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