Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208114, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.
Abstract:
Aminoacyl-tRNA (AA-tRNA) formation is a key step in protein biosynthesis. This reaction is catalyzed with remarkable accuracy by the AA-tRNA synthetases, a family of 20 evolutionarily conserved enzymes. The lack of cysteinyl-tRNA (Cys-tRNA) synthetase in some archaea gave rise to the discovery of the archaeal prolyl-tRNA (Pro-tRNA) synthetase, an enzyme capable of synthesizing Pro-tRNA and Cys-tRNA. Here we review our current knowledge of this fascinating process.