鹿科动物的染色体组型及其进化

染色体是遗传物质的主要携带者。在动植物进化过程中,染色体在数量和结构上的变化,无疑对物种形成起重要的作用。染色体的变化往往引起基因的重新排列和遗传物质的增加或丢失。染色体在结构和数量上的差异还往往造成两个本来很相近的群体间的生殖隔离而形成新种。染色体组型和染色体的带型都代表着种的特性,它为不同动物在分类研究和确定其在进化过程中的位置提供了一个新的和重要的标准。可是,染色体的结构既是稳定的,同时又是可变的。染色体组型的改变是以染色体组的结构特点为基础

KARYOTYPES OF CERVIDAE AND THEIR EVOLUTION

The karyotypes and banding-patterns of 12 species (15 subspecies) belonging to 7 genera, 4 subfamilies of Cervidae have been examined. Including the karyotypes of 11 species of deer described in literature, there are altogether 23 species (32 subspecies) of 13 genera, 4 subfamilies, the karyotypes of which have been analysed.1. The G-banding patterns of chromosomes of Cervinae were compared and analysed by us, the composition of their chromosome arms of 11 species (subspecies) is cleat. Numbering the arms of all autosomes of Cervinae according to their relative lengths we describe the composition of arms of metacentrics and submetacentrics of these species (subspecies).2. The X chromosomes are very different among the 4 subfamilies of Cervidae. The X chromosomes of the species of Cervinae appears to be the largest acrocentric in the kary-otype. The observed C-banding and G-banding of X chromosomes of 9 species belonging 4 genera are extremely similar to each other. The X chromosome in each species of Odocoeleinae appears to be a submetacentric, while the X chromosomes of different species of Muntiacinae varies remarkably in size and morphology.3. There are remarkable differences in the chromosome number and nombre fonda-mental (N. F.) between the four subfamilies.4. The main trend of the chromosome change in the evolution process of Cervinae seems to be an increase in chromosome number by the mechanism of Robertsonian fission. As for Odocoeleinae, the main mechanism might also be the Robertsonian fission with the exception of non-Robertsonian fission described in the genus Maxama. But in the Muntiacinae there are both Robertsonian and non-Robertsonian mechanisms and the latter is much more common than in the other two subfamilies.