Characterization and bioactivities of M. arvensis,V. officinalis and P. glabrum: In-silico modeling of V. officinalis as a potential drug source期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

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Characterization and bioactivities of M. arvensis,V. officinalis and P. glabrum: In-silico modeling of V. officinalis as a potential drug source

Institution:	1. Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;2. Deanship of Educational Services, Department of Biochemistry, Qassim University, Malidah, Buraida, Al Qassim 51411, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Malidah, Buraida, Al Qassim 51411, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Anatomy, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44080, Pakistan;5. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

Abstract:	In current study the pharmaceutically active herbs was used against coccidiosis, caused by a protozoan: Eimeria, lead to $ 3 billion loss annually. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of whole plants were applied in-vitro to assess sporulation inhibition (spi) assay and calculated the inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). For in-vivo study 9 groups of 14 day old broiler chicks were infected with Eimeria tenella and three groups were treated different concentrations of methanolic extracts of Verbena officinalis and Polygonum glabrum post infection. The mean weight gain, oocyst count, diarrhea, biochemical tests, hematology, and histopathology of all groups were analyzed. The herbs were characterized by antioxidant assay, phytochemical screening, Fourier transmission and infrared (FT-IR), Ultra Violet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). The GC–MS identified phyto-compounds of V. officinalis were docked with S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) synthetase. The in-vitro study revealed that V. officinalis and P. glabrum have minimum IC₅₀ of 0.14 and 12 mg/ml respectively. The in-vivo experiment showed that V. officinalis had significantly high anticoccidial potential with significant hematological profile like drug treated controls. The histology of treated chicks also showed recovery in the studied tissues. The antioxidant assay showed that V. officinalis have 4.19U/mg Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 33.96 µM/mg Glutathione (GSH) quantities. The chemical characterization confirmed the presence of large number of organic compounds, however Flavonoids found only in V. officinalis, which suggests the anticoccidial potential of V. officinalis because flavonoids as antagonist of thiamine (Prinzo, 1999), because it promotes the carbohydrate synthesis required. Strychane, 1-acetyl-20a-hydroxy-16-methylene has best binding of with target protein with lowest binding score (-6.4 Kcal/mol), suggests its anticoccidial potential in poultry.

Keywords:	Avain coccidiosis ROSS 308 broiler chicks SOD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_ErIF55WYuf"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Superoxide dismutase GSH"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_nPIOLnMF8E"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Glutathione spi"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_FhW0mk2pLc"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"sporulation inhibition sp"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_22L0tBacb6"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"sporulation MWG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_ofoibQTht1"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Mean weight gain MIW"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_Jl1FF6UOaB"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Mean initial weight MFW"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_qJXldNSUyt"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Mean final weight WDB"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_sS9jk6SrbE"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"weight of dead birds opg"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_bmzFCsdmZc"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"oocysts per gram FCR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_53jqfELmka"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"feed consumption ratio SQX"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_yQ6uvesO7Q"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"sulfaquinoxaline K2Cr2O7"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_TucN84Y22U"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Potassium dichromate AST"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_VyyhI0fqCQ"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Aspartate aminnotransferase ALT"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_ipPTTA2CfY"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Alanine transaminase SAM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_eILMWRSJMH"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"S-Adenosyl methionine IC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_XZI31XjMij"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"inhibitory concentration wbc"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_1klRZ72JP4"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"white blood cell rbc"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_OGh7LK7lqo"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"red blood cell Hb"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_7uoDWuI1LF"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"hemoglobin FT-IR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_nOzQ7VZtvr"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Fourier transmission and Infrared spectroscopy UV-Vis"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_VyGIMIBbK5"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Ultra voilet Visible GC-MS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"pc_rrleHo43cB"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy
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