Trade-offs of host use between generalist and specialist <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa</Emphasis> sibling species: adult oviposition and larval performance |
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Authors: | Zhudong?Liu Jan?Scheirs Email author" target="_blank">David?G?HeckelEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;(2) State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China;(3) Evolutionary Biology Group, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; |
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Abstract: | Much attention has been paid to the question of the relative importance of female behaviour versus larval feeding capacities
in determining the host range of herbivorous insects. Host-use trade-offs displayed by generalist and specialist sister species
of the genus Helicoverpa were evaluated to examine the relationship between maternal choice and offspring performance. The prediction of optimal oviposition
theory, that females will choose to lay eggs on plants on which their offspring perform best as larvae, was tested by measuring
oviposition preference and larval performance of Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta on tobacco, sunflower, and hot pepper. These two measures were more highly correlated in the specialist H. assulta. Both species exhibited the same oviposition preference ranking: tobacco > sunflower > hot pepper. H. armigera larvae preferred sunflower, followed by tobacco and hot pepper; while H. assulta larvae preferred tobacco to sunflower and hot pepper, consistent with their mothers’ oviposition preference. Duration of
the total period from egg to adult emergence for each species was significantly shorter on the host plant preferred by the
larvae. H. assulta had shorter larval duration and higher relative growth rate than H. armigera on tobacco and hot pepper, and vice versa for sunflower, indicating species differences in host utilization. Thus, while
only the specialist H. assulta displayed the predicted optimal oviposition pattern, females of both species show the least preference for the plant on which
their offspring perform worst. Selection for optimal oviposition may be stronger on the specialist, which has fewer choices
and lower lifetime fecundity than the generalist. |
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