祁连山牧区妇女社会地位及其对草地政策的认知度

牧区妇女社会地位的高低对草地生态系统健康具有重要的影响。以祁连山区的天祝藏族自治县抓喜秀龙乡为调查研究区域,随机抽取100户藏族牧户为研究对象,采用问卷、座谈和关键人物座谈等形式,对妇女在社会生产中充当的角色、日常生活中承担的家务状况、受教育程度、参与社会活动情况以及对草地政策的认知等方面进行了系统调查和分析。研究结果表明:在农村社会变革中,女性是畜牧业生产的主力军,承担着将近80%的生产管理工作,74.3%的日常家务。其在家庭经济中的决策权和农村社会中的地位也在逐渐提高,在经济方面占36.5%的支配权,拥有14.5%的决策权。但是,妇女的受教育的程度普遍较低,女性的文盲率达14.4%。因此,妇女对草地生产管理技术的接受程度较低,对草原管理方面的政策及相关的法规缺乏认识,这将会对牧区草地畜牧业的可持续发展产生潜在影响。

An investigation of women's social status and their recognition of the grassland policies in the pastoral area of the Qilian Mountains

Women''s social status in pastoral areas has significant impact on the health condition of the grassland ecosystem. In this paper, Zhuaxixiulong township of Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, located in the eastern part of the Qilian Mountain, was chosen as the study area. Interviewees were randomly sampled from 100 Tibetan households. Through a variety of integrated social survey methods, such as questionnaires, villagers group meetings and one-on-one interviews, a systematic analysis was undertaken of women''s roles in social activities, in animal production in the pastoral area and in housework, and their educational backgrounds and cognition of grassland policies. The results show that at the current stage of development and reform in rural areas, women perform as the main labor force in both livestock production and daily chores, undertaking nearly 80% of the production work in the field and 74.3% of the family. It could also be seen that women''s social status and their influence in family economic decision-making has been gradually improving; the proportion of women participating in the family economic decision-making is 36.5% and the proportion with the final say is 14.5%. However, women''s educational level was generally lower in pastoral areas with a female''s lliteracy rate of 14.4%, which has resulted in lower adoption of grassland production and management technology by women, and less awareness of the efforts of national grassland policies, laws and regulations and weaker understanding of their impacts. This research implies that in pastoral areas women''s literacy, decision-making influence and social roles may be factors in the sustainable development of the grassland-based animal husbandry industry.