Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in callus culture of tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter |
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Authors: | A Kebebew M D Gaj M Maluszynski |
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Institution: | (1) Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, ET;(2) Department of Genetics, Silesian University, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland, PL;(3) Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, P. O. Box 100, Vienna, Austria, AT |
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Abstract: | The study was carried out to establish in vitro culture conditions for plant regeneration of tef, Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter. Mature seeds of two Ethiopian varieties, DZ-01-354 and DZ-01-196, were used to initiate callus cultures
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different auxins. Four- and 8-week-old calli induced on a medium with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) were subcultured onto various media to induce somatic embryogenesis. Compact, nodulated, embryogenic callus was
observed after transfer onto MS-callus proliferating (CP) medium. Embryogenic tissue appeared on soft and amorphous callus
and developed into somatic embryos during a subsequent subculture to MS embryo-promoting (EP) media. Various growth regulator
combinations were tested in CP and EP media to obtain a high efficiency of somatic embryo formation. The highest frequency
of calli forming somatic embryos (56.1–68.3%) was observed when CP media with 2.0 or 4.0 mg/l 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid were
employed and then cultures were transferred to EP media with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin followed by 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic
acid and 0.5 mg/l N6-benzyladenine. Plant development from somatic embryos was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l gibberellic acid.
On average, 71.2% of calli displaying somatic embryos converted into plants. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred
to soil. Neither chlorophyll-deficient plants nor morphological variants were found among regenerants. All regenerated plants
were fertile.
Received: 9 May 1997 / Revision received: 25 September 1997 / Accepted: 3 January 1998 |
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Keywords: | Eragrostis tef Mature seeds culture Growth regulators |
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