Methionine sulfoxide reductases and methionine sulfoxide in the subterranean mole rat (Spalax): characterization of expression under various oxygen conditions |
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Authors: | Moskovitz Jackob Malik Assaf Hernandez Alvaro Band Mark Avivi Aaron |
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Institution: | a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence Kansas, 66045, USAb Laboratory of Animals Molecular Evolution, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israelc The W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA |
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Abstract: | The blind subterranean mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi) exhibits a relatively long life span, which is attributed to an efficient antioxidant defense affording protection against accumulation of oxidative modifications of proteins. Methionine residues can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide (MetO) and then enzymatically reduced by the methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) system. In the current study we have isolated the cDNA sequences of the Spalax Msr genes as well as 23 additional selenoproteins and monitored the activities of Msr enzymes in liver and brain of rat (Rattus norvegicus), Spalax galili, and Spalax judaei under normoxia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. Under normoxia, the Msr activity was lower in S. galili in comparison to S. judaei and R. norvegicus especially in the brain. The pattern of Msr activity of the three species was similar throughout the tested conditions. However, exposure of the animals to hypoxia caused a significant enhancement of Msr activity, especially in S. galili. Hyperoxic exposure showed a highly significant induction of Msr activity compared with normoxic conditions for R. norvegicus and S. galili brain. It was concluded that among all species examined, S. galili appears to be more responsive to oxygen tension changes and that the Msr system is upregulated mainly by severe hypoxia. |
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Keywords: | (Msr) Methionine sulfoxide reductase (MetO) Methionine sulfoxide |
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