The morphology and morphogenesis of a marine ciliate,Epiclintes auricularis rarisetus nov. sspec. (Ciliophora,Epiclintidae), from the Yellow Sea |
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| Authors: | Xiaozhong Hu Xinpeng Fan Xiaofeng Lin Jun Gong Weibo Song |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Protozoology, KLM, Ocean University of China (OUC), Qingdao 266003, China;2. Laboratory of Protozoology, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;1. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb., 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia;2. CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d''Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, Entomologie, 45, rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France;3. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb.,7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia;4. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China;5. Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Natural Sciences, Fanar, El-Metn, PO Box. 26110217, Lebanon;6. 6th Linia, 49-34, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia;1. Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA;2. 2629 Euclid Avenue, Berkeley, CA, 94708, USA;3. Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str., 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia;1. Laboratory of Systematic of Insects, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb., 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;2. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France;1. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China;3. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;5. College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China;6. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;8. College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;1. Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str., 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia;2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China;3. Lebanese University, Faculty of Science II, Fanar, Natural Sciences Department, Fanar, Matn, PO Box 26110217, Lebanon;4. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;5. CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d''Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, Entomologie, 45, rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France;1. Department of Medical Physics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China;3. Hamamatsu/Queen''s PET Imaging Center and Departments of Radiation Oncology and Oncology Research, The Queen''s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii;4. John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii |
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| Abstract: | The morphology and morphogenesis of a marine ciliate, Epiclintes auricularis rarisetus nov. sspec., collected from Qingdao, northern China were studied on live and protargol-impregnated specimens. This isolate can be recognized by its elongate, contractile and tripartite body with a size of 200-400×20-40 μm in vivo, about 30 ventrally located adoral membranelles, short undulating membranes, 2-3 frontal and 10-18 transverse cirri as well as 8-9 fronto-midventral rows, 22-31 left and 35-54 right marginal cirri, but no caudal cirri, invariably 3 dorsal kineties, of which kineties 1 and 3 link together anteriorly, 24-70 macronuclear nodules, marine habitat, and contribution of almost all frontal-midventral transverse cirral anlagen (FVT anlagen) to the formation of fronto-midventral rows. In its divisional morphogenesis, this species demonstrates some features rarely if ever found in any other urostyloids, e.g. partial replacement of the old adoral zone of membranelles, de novo formation of the oral primordium and the anlagen for marginal rows and dorsal kineties, contribution of almost all FVT anlagen to the transverse cirri, lack of frontoterminal cirri. In addition, its morphogenesis appears to differ in detail from that of E. auricularis auricularis nov. stat., based on published data. These remarkable morphogenetic traits of Epiclintes suggests a questionable systematic position for this genus in the Urostyloidea, therefore, further researches are urgently needed. |
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