徐堡遗址龙山文化居民颅骨的形态学研究

徐堡遗址位于河南省焦作市温县武德镇徐堡村东部,地处豫西北黄河与沁河冲积扇平原内,是分布在黄河北岸的一处典型龙山文化聚落,距今约4500-4000年,遗址出土的龙山文化时期人骨标本,对探讨中原地区仰韶文化与龙山文化人群的源流关系具有重要学术价值。通过对2例女性颅骨的形态学研究,我们得出以下结论:徐堡组的颅面部特征可以概括为:中颅型、高颅型与狭颅型相结合的颅型特点,中面型、阔鼻型、中眶型、鼻根点略有凹陷、鼻前棘不显,犬齿窝欠发达,颅顶缝发育简单;徐堡组应属于现代亚洲蒙古人种的范畴,与亚洲蒙古人种近代抚顺组(均方根值R=1.08)关系密切;在与古代组的对比中,徐堡组与宝鸡组(R=0.48)、庙子沟组(R=0.49)、大甸子I组(R=0.55)和游邀组(R=0.59)较为接近。

Morphological analysis of skulls of the Longshan period residents from the Xubao site

The Xubao site in the eastern part of the county town of Xubao Village, Henan Province is a typical Longshan culture settlement located on the north shore of the Yellow River. The site dates about 4500-4000 years ago. Unearthed bone specimens of the Longshan period help us to understand the Yangshao and Longshan cultures of the central plains peoples. Morphometric craniofacial analysis of two female skulls gave the following results. The characteristic cranial form is a combination of middle cranial, tropibasic, and narrow skull cranialtype, with mesoprosopy, chamaerrhine, mesoconch traits. The anterior nasal spine shows Broca degree I. The canine fossa is underdeveloped, and the cranial suture is simply developed. Xubao residents belong to modern Asian Mongolian people and shows a close relationship with the recent Fushun group (R=1.08). Compared to ancient groups, similarities are with the recent Baoji group (R=0.48), the Miaozigou group (R=0.49), the DadianziI group (R=0.55), and the Youyao group (R=0.59).