Microbial and enzymatic control of pitch in the pulp and paper industry |
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Authors: | Ana Gutiérrez José C del Río Angel T Martínez |
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Institution: | (1) Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, PO Box 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain;(2) Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain |
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Abstract: | Pitch control is an important aspect in pulp and paper manufacture, and the first example where microbial biotechnology provided
successful solutions in this industrial sector. Triglycerides cause deposits in softwood mechanical pulping, and both microbial
and enzymatic products have been commercialized to be applied on wood and pulp, respectively. The former are based on colorless
strains of sapstain fungi. The latter are improved lipases, including thermostable variants from directed evolution. These
enzymes are among the additives of choice in pulping of high-resin-content softwoods. However, lipases are not useful when
pitch originates from other lipids, such as steroids and terpenes, and the sapstain inocula are also only partially effective.
In the search for stronger biocatalysts to degrade recalcitrant lipids, the potential of white-rot fungi and their enzymes
has been demonstrated. When inocula of these fungi are used, wood treatment must be controlled to avoid cellulose degradation.
However, the efficiency and selectivity of the laccase-mediator system permits its integration as an additional bleaching
stage. A double benefit can be obtained from these treatments since pitch is controlled at the same time that residual lignin
is removed facilitating the implementation of totally chlorine free pulp bleaching. |
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Keywords: | Pitch deposits Paper pulps Wood fungi Fungal enzymes Laccase-mediator system |
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