Genetic structure and core collection of the World Olive Germplasm Bank of Marrakech: towards the optimised management and use of Mediterranean olive genetic resources |
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Authors: | Hicham Haouane Ahmed El Bakkali Abdelmajid Moukhli Christine Tollon Sylvain Santoni Ahmed Oukabli Cherkaoui El Modafar Bouchaib Khadari |
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Institution: | 1.INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP),Montpellier,France;2.INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes,Marrakech,Morocco;3.Montpellier SupAgro,Montpellier,France;4.INRA, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phytogénétiques,Meknès,Morocco;5.Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Laboratoire AgroBiotech
L02B005,Marrakech,Morocco;6.Faculty of Bioscience Engineering,University of Ghent,Ghent,Belgium;7.Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles (CBNMED),Montpellier,France;8.INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP),Montpellier,France |
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Abstract: | The conservation of cultivated plants in ex-situ collections is essential for the optimal management and use of their genetic
resources. For the olive tree, two world germplasm banks (OWGB) are presently established, in Córdoba (Spain) and Marrakech
(Morocco). This latter was recently founded and includes 561 accessions from 14 Mediterranean countries. Using 12 nuclear
microsatellites (SSRs) and three chloroplast DNA markers, this collection was characterised to examine the structure of the
genetic diversity and propose a set of olive accessions encompassing the whole Mediterranean allelic diversity range. We identified
505 SSR profiles based on a total of 210 alleles. Based on these markers, the genetic diversity was similar to that of cultivars
and wild olives which were previously characterised in another study indicating that OWGB Marrakech is representative of Mediterranean
olive germplasm. Using a model-based Bayesian clustering method and principal components analysis, this OWGB was structured
into three main gene pools corresponding to eastern, central and western parts of the Mediterranean Basin. We proposed 10
cores of 67 accessions capturing all detected alleles and 10 cores of 58 accessions capturing the 186 alleles observed more
than once. In each of the 10 cores, a set of 40 accessions was identical, whereas the remaining accessions were different,
indicating the need to include complementary criteria such as phenotypic adaptive and agronomic traits. Our study generated
a molecular database for the entire OWGB Marrakech that may be used to optimise a strategy for the management of olive genetic
resources and their use for subsequent genetic and genomic olive breeding. |
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