太行山南段洞栖蝙蝠的分布及栖息地重要性分析

2009年8月至2010年9月,对太行山南段的洞栖蝙蝠及栖息地进行了调查,共调查洞穴38个,其中28个洞穴为首次调查,共观察到蝙蝠约17000只,隶属2科4属9种,其中分布最广、数量最多的是马铁菊头蝠。测量洞穴的总水平长度、最大宽度和最大高度,并以洞穴内蝙蝠的种群数量(Ai)与根据物种生存状态赋值的权重(Mi)乘积之和评估洞穴重要性。在调查的洞穴中,最重要的洞穴是黄楝树水渠,有8种约2500只蝙蝠在此繁殖和冬眠;其次是涧河洞,有5种约2100只蝙蝠在此繁殖和冬眠。基于洞栖蝙蝠种类和洞穴测量数据的聚类及主成分分析,探讨了太行山南段东西两侧洞栖蝙蝠的分布状况、不同类型栖息地之间的差异以及洞栖蝙蝠对栖息地的选择。太行山南段东西两侧洞栖蝙蝠的种类和种群数量差异不显著。冬眠洞穴的总水平长度、最大宽度、最大高度、郁闭度均显著大于非冬眠洞穴。影响蝙蝠栖息地选择的主要因子有地形因子、隐蔽因子和干扰因子,这3个主成分的累计贡献率达到85.96%。目前,这些洞穴的保护现状均不理想,一些洞穴已经或正在被开发成旅游景点,这使该地区洞栖蝙蝠面临严重的生存危机。本研究结果以期能为决策者在制定开发旅游策略时提供参考和依据。

Distribution and analysis of the importance of underground habitats of cave-dwelling bats in the south of Taihang Mountain

Populations and underground habitats of cave-dwelling bat species were investigated in the south of Taihang Mountain.Data were collected during 76 surveys in 38 underground sites,28 of which had not been surveyed previously by bat researchers.Between August 2009 and September 2010,approximately 17 000 bats were recorded.They represented nine species which belonged to four genera of two families.The most abundant species was Rhinolophus ferrumequinum.Data were collected on many cave variables such as the tot...