留茬方式对小麦间作玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

小麦/玉米间作是河西绿洲灌区主要间作模式，但传统间作和套种需水量大，使该地区水资源紧张.2010年在甘肃河西走廊石羊河绿洲灌区进行大田试验，研究传统小麦秸秆焚烧、秸秆翻还和秸秆立茬3种留茬方式对小麦/玉米间作作物籽粒产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和经济效益的影响.结果表明： 与焚烧和翻还的籽粒产量相比，立茬小麦单作分别增加7.2%和5.1%，立茬小麦间作分别增加6.2%和5.1%，立茬玉米单作分别增加4.7%和2.5%，立茬玉米间作分别增加7.2%和3.3%；与焚烧和翻还的WUE相比，立茬小麦单作分别增加20.4%和16.2%，立茬小麦间作分别增加17.9%和14.6%，立茬玉米单作分别增加16.7%和10.9%，立茬玉米间作分别增加11.8%和17.0%.就单作小麦、单作玉米和小麦/玉米平均值而言，焚烧、翻还、立茬处理的纯收益分别为10946、11471和13454元·hm^-2.从籽粒产量、水分利用效率和纯收益等方面考虑，立茬种植方式为甘肃省河西绿洲灌区小麦/玉米最佳种植模式.

Effects of stubble-standing mode on the grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat and maize in wheat/maize intercropping system.

Wheat/maize intercropping is the main intercropping pattern in the irrigation region of Hexi Oasis, Northwest China, but the traditional intercropping needs much water, making the regional water resource lacked increasingly. In 2010, a field experiment was conducted in the irrigation region of Shiyang River basin oasis, Gansu Province of Northwest China, aimed to study the effects of traditional stubble burning, stubble returning, and stubble standing on the grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economical benefits of wheat and maize in wheat/maize intercropping system. Compared with stubble burning and stubble returning, stubble standing increased the grain yield of mono and intercropped wheat by 7.2% and 5.1%, and 6.2 %, 5.1 %, and that of mono and intercropped maize by 4.7% and 2.5%, and 7.2% and 3.3%, and increased the WUE of mono and intercropped wheat by 20.4% and 16.2%, and 17.9% and 14.6%, and that of mono and intercropping maize by 16.7% and 10.9%, and 11.8% and 17.0%, respectively. As for the mono and intercropped wheat and maize, their average net economical benefits under stubble burning, stubble returning, and stubble standing were 10946, 11471, and 13454 RMB·hm-2, respectively. In considering the grain yield, WUE, and economic benefits, stubble-standing would be the optimal mode of wheat/maize intercropping in the oasis of Hexi irrigation region, Northwest China.