植物耐冷性分子机理的研究进展

近年来对植物耐冷性分子机理的研究不断深入。主要体现在以下4个方面：植物的冷敏感性可以通过调节膜脂的不饱和脂肪酸水平得到调控，调节的途径是通过酰脂去饱和酶和甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶的作用；利用转基因技术在植物中超表达抗氧化酶基因，如编码SOD、APX、CAT和GR等的基因，可望提高耐冷性；植物低温逆境信号转导的研究表明，ABA不仅是重要的低温逆境信号，而且可调节冷害下基因的表达，Ca^2 是一个主要的第二信使，蛋白激酶途径也参与了植物冷害的信号转导；低温诱导的蛋白或酶类主要有脱水蛋白和热稳定蛋白。

The Progress of Researches on Molecular Mechanism of Chilling Tolerance in Plants

Many researches on molecular mechanism of chilling tolerance have been reported in these years. In this paper, we give a review of four aspects. The chilling sensitivity of plants can be regulated by the level of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids, which could be attained by controlling the action of glycerol_3_phosphate acyltransferase and acyl_lipid desaturases. The chilling tolerance can be strengthened, by transfering some genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, APX, CAT and GR. Some researches demonstrated: ABA is not only an important stress signal of low temperature, but also regulates the expression of many genes under low temperature, Ca 2+ is a major second messenger, protein kinases also take part in the signal transduction under low temperature in plant. The chilling_induced proteins or enzymes involve dehydrate proteins and heat_stable proteins.