荷叶离褶伞生物学特性研究

荷叶离褶伞菌丝生长的温度范围是5~35℃,最适温度25℃;子实体分化的温度范围13~22℃,最适温度19℃;0~3℃的温差有利于子实体的分化,温差大于9℃子实体不能形成;孢子萌发的温度范围是10~25℃,最适温度20℃;菌丝能在pH4~11范围内生长,最适pH4~5;菌丝和孢子的致死温度分别是45℃30min和50℃15min。能利用淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、玉米粉、乳糖和甘露糖作碳源,但蔗糖和葡萄糖为碳源生长势强,果糖生长势弱;甘氨酸、蛋白胨、硫酸铵、黄豆粉、硝酸铵、谷氨酸和麦麸均可作为氮源,在麦麸上生长速度快,长势旺盛;硫酸铵、硝酸铵和谷氨酸虽能作为氮源,但长势很弱;能在C/N15/1~50/1的范围内生长,C/N为50/1时生长速度最快。在完全黑暗的条件下不能形成子实体,连续光照和12h光暗交替两种处理都可形成子实体,且两种处理间差异不显著。

Biological characteristics of Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Fr.) Singer

The range of temperature for the growth of Lyophyllum decastes was 5~35℃, and the optimum was 25℃; the range of temperature for fruit body differentiation was 13~22℃, and the optimum was 19℃; the temperature deference of 0~3℃ was genial for differentiation of fruit body, if the temperature deference exceeds 9℃, the fructification will not form; the range of temperature for mycelial growth was 10~25℃, the optimum was 20℃; for the mycelial growth of Lyophyllum decastes, the range of pH was 4~11, the optimum being 4~5; the lethal temperature for the spores and the mycelium was 50℃ 15 min and 45℃ 30 min. Soluble starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, cornmeal, lactose and mannose were suitable for the growth, but sucrose and glucose were the best, and fructose was the worst; glycine, peptone, (NH4)2SO4, soybean meal, ammonium nitrate, glutamic acid and wheat bran could be used as nitrogen sources but wheat bran was the best. (NH4)2SO4, ammonium nitrate and glutamic acid were unsatisfactory. For the mycelial growth of Lyophyllum decastes, the range of C/N was 5/1~50/1, and the C/N of 50/1 was most suitable. Fractification was not formed in dark condition. The difference is not remarkable between the two treatments of continuos illumination and 12h light and 12h dark alternation for fruit body formation.