Molecular identification of the exotic slug <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arion subfuscus</Emphasis> sensu stricto (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in California,with comments on the source location of introduced populations |
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| Authors: | R J Mc Donnell P Rugman-Jones T Backeljau K Breugelmans K Jordaens R Stouthamer T Paine M Gormally |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;(2) Applied Ecology Unit, Center for Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;(3) Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;(4) Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium;(5) Joint Experimental Molecular Unit, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Arion subfuscus sensu lato (s. l.) refers to a cryptic slug species complex that is native to Europe and which, from there, has been introduced
into the northeastern U.S. The species complex was detected in California for the first time in 2005 and recently 12 specimens
were collected during statewide surveys. The genital morphology of these specimens suggested that only A. subfuscus sensu stricto (s. s.) was present and partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA (443 bp) showed that they all belonged
to a single haplotype of the mitochondrial lineage, S1 sensu Pinceel et al. (Genetica 125: 155–171, 2005). This result was
corroborated by a parallel analysis of a 655 bp COI DNA barcode. The 16S rDNA S1 haplotype (S1-03) of the Californian specimens
is hitherto known only from the northeastern U.S. Hence, it is likely that populations may have been introduced to California
from the northeastern states, rather than directly from the native area of the S1 haplogroup in Europe. |
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