In vitro virulence characteristics of rare serovars of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella enterica</Emphasis> isolated from sand lizards (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lacerta agilis</Emphasis> L.) |
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Authors: | Joanna Mokracka Sylwia Krzymińska Dani? A?tunin Dariusz Wasyl Ryszard Koczura Krzysztof Dudek Monika Dudek Zofia Anna Chyleńska Anna Ekner-Grzyb |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology,Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań,Poznan,Poland;2.Department of Microbiology,National Veterinary Research Institute,Pu?awy,Poland;3.Department of Zoology, Institute of Zoology,Poznań University of Life Sciences,Poznan,Poland;4.Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology,Poznań University of Life Sciences,Poznan,Poland;5.Department of Nature Education and Conservation, Faculty of Biology,Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań,Poznan,Poland;6.Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology,Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań,Poznan,Poland;7.HiProMine S.A.,Robakowo,Poland |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to estimate virulence potential of Salmonella enterica strains colonizing the gut of free-living sand lizards (Lacerta agilis L.). The strains belonged to three Salmonella serovars: Abony, Schleissheim, and Telhashomer. Adhesion and invasion abilities of the strains were determined in quantitative assays using the gentamicin protection method. Induction of apoptosis was assessed using HeLa cell monolayers. PCR assays were used for detection of 26 virulence genes localised within mobile elements: pathogenicity islands, virulence plasmids, and prophage sequences. In vitro studies revealed that all strains had adhesion and invasion abilities to human epithelial cells. The isolates were cytotoxic and induced apoptosis of the cells. The serovars differed in the number of virulence-associated genes: up to 18 genes were present in Salmonella Schleissheim, 17 in Salmonella Abony, whereas as few as six genes were found in Salmonella Telhashomer. Generally, Salmonella Abony and Salmonella Schleissheim did not differ much in gene content connected with the presence SPI-1 to -5. All of the strains lacked genes localised within bacteriophages and plasmids. The presence of virulence-associated genes and in vitro pathogenicity assays suggest that Salmonella sp. strains originating from autochthonous, free-living lizards can potentially infect and cause disease in humans. |
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