土地利用与土地覆盖变化对生态系统的影响

随着人口的增长和人类社会的发展, 土地利用与土地覆盖变化已经是不可避免。土地利用与土地覆盖变化不仅对生态系统的要素、结构和功能产生深远的影响, 也会对全球变化产生反馈作用。针对土地利用与土地覆盖变化的过程、驱动机制以及在各个方面可能产生的生态环境效应的科学研究已经全面开展。该文综述了土地利用与土地覆盖变化对气候、土壤、生物地球化学循环、生物多样性以及区域生态环境等影响方面的研究进展, 并提出了相关研究的前沿方向展望。随着新技术的不断发展, 学者们将更多地侧重预测未来全球变化背景下的土地利用与土地覆盖变化趋势、合理性以及适应性, 为可持续发展提供基础资料和理论依据。

A review of influences of land use and land cover change on ecosystems

With the growth of human population and the development of human society, land use and land cover change (LUCC) is inevitable. LUCC not only has a far-reaching impact on the elements, structure and functions of ecosystems, but also has a feedback effect on global climate change. Scientific research has been carried out on the processes of land use change, the driving mechanisms, and the possible ecological and environmental effects in various aspects. This paper reviews the research progress on the impacts of land use change on climate, soil, biogeochemical cycle, biodiversity and regional ecological environment, and puts forward the prospects for the frontier research. With the continuous development of new technologies, scholars will focus more on the prediction of the future development, rationality and adaptability of LUCC in the context of future global change, providing basic information and theoretical basis for sustainable development.