Production of anthocyanins by plant cell cultures |
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Authors: | Wei Zhang Shintaro Furusaki |
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Institution: | (1) Cooperative Research Center for Bioproducts, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, 5042 Adelaide, SA, Australia;(2) Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, 5042 Adelaide, SA, Australia;(3) Department of Chemical Systems & Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, 812-8581 Fukuoka, Japan |
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Abstract: | Anthocyanins, responsible for the various attractive colors in plants, are becoming important alternative to many synthetic
colorants due to increased public concerns over the safety of artificial food colors. Production of anthocyanins by plant
cell cultures has been suggested as a feasible technology that has attracted considerable industrial and academic interests
in the past two decades. This paper is to provide an overview of the present status and the future prospects in the commercial
development of plant cell cultures for production of anthocyanins. The focus is on the strategies for enhancement of anthocyanin
biosynthesis to achieve an economically viable technology for commercial applications. Through strain improvement, optimization
of media and culture conditions, and intelligent process strategies such as elicitation and two-stage system, significant
enhancement in productivity has been achieved in a number of cultures. However the yield of anthocyanins obtained so far is
still far away from the full potential of anthocyanin synthesis by plant cell cultures. Further improvements require the insights
on the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis, accumulation, storage and breakdown that will eventually lead to genetic manipulation
of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Many studies have elucidated the metabolic pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Preliminary studies
on the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis on the levels of genes and enzymes are reviewed, showing that it is feasible
to clone genes from secondary metabolism with an improved yield of anthocyanins. There is currently no commercial-scale trial
for production of anthocyanin by plant cell cultures, but an intelligent integration of those existing strategies could provide
a technology for industrial application competitive to the current production methods. |
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Keywords: | anthocyanin plant cell cultures biosynthetic pathway secondary metabolism food colorants genetic manipulation |
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