Dietary lipid quality affects temperature-mediated reaction norms of a freshwater key herbivore |
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Authors: | Dominik Martin-Creuzburg Alexander Wacker Christine Ziese Martin J Kainz |
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Institution: | (1) Limnological Institute, University of Constance, Mainaustrasse 252, 78464 Constance, Germany;(2) Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Theoretical Aquatic Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;(3) WasserCluster—Biological Station Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria |
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Abstract: | Temperature-mediated plasticity in life history traits strongly affects the capability of ectotherms to cope with changing
environmental temperatures. We hypothesised that temperature-mediated reaction norms of ectotherms are constrained by the
availability of essential dietary lipids, i.e. polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and sterols, as these lipids are involved
in the homeoviscous adaptation of biological membranes to changing temperatures. A life history experiment was conducted in
which the freshwater herbivore Daphnia magna was raised at four different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25°C) with food sources differing in their PUFA and sterol composition.
Somatic growth rates increased significantly with increasing temperature, but differences among food sources were obtained
only at 10°C at which animals grew better on PUFA-rich diets than on PUFA-deficient diets. PUFA-rich food sources resulted
in significantly higher population growth rates at 10°C than PUFA-deficient food, and the optimum temperature for offspring
production was clearly shifted towards colder temperatures with an increased availability of dietary PUFA. Supplementation
of PUFA-deficient food with single PUFA enabled the production of viable offspring and significantly increased population
growth rates at 10°C, indicating that dietary PUFA are crucial for the acclimation to cold temperatures. In contrast, cumulative
numbers of viable offspring increased significantly upon cholesterol supplementation at 25°C and the optimum temperature for
offspring production was shifted towards warmer temperatures, implying that sterol requirements increase with temperature.
In conclusion, essential dietary lipids significantly affect temperature-mediated reaction norms of ectotherms and thus temperature-mediated
plasticity in life history traits is subject to strong food quality constraints. |
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