Ploidy level and genome size of locally adapted populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Silene ciliata</Emphasis> across an altitudinal gradient |
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Authors: | Alfredo García-Fernández José M Iriondo Joan Vallès Juan Orellana Adrián Escudero |
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Institution: | 1.área de Biodiversidad y Conservación,ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,Móstoles,Spain;2.Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia,Universitat de Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain;3.Departamento de Biotecnología, ETSI Agrónomos,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,Madrid,Spain |
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Abstract: | Silene ciliata Poiret is a small perennial that presents several ploidy levels and inhabits the mountain ranges of the European Mediterranean
basin. Recent studies have shown evidence of local adaptation in populations located across an altitudinal gradient in Sierra
de Guadarrama (Central Spain) at the species’ southernmost distribution limit. In this study, we assessed whether the existence
of local adaptation in these populations was related to differences in karyological features (ploidy level or chromosome number
modification) or in nuclear DNA amount. Optical microscope (phase contrast and epifluorescence after DAPI staining) and flow
cytometry were used to estimate the ploidy level and genome size of several family lines in three populations across the altitude
gradient. With a sampling three times higher than usual in genome size assessments, all individuals showed a constant diploid
set (2n = 24), so that polyploidy or other chromosome number modifications were discarded. The small genome size found (mean ± SD;
2C = 1.76 ± 0.06 pg) was within the range of those found in other Silene species. Significant differences in genome size were found when the three populations of S. ciliata were compared. The largest genome size found at the intermediate population may be associated to lower environmental stress
at the mid elevation, in line with the recent studies in this area. |
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