Foraging by little auks in the distant marginal sea ice zone during the chick-rearing period |
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Authors: | Dariusz Jakubas Lech Iliszko Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas Lech Stempniewicz |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Legion?w 9, 80-441 Gdańsk, Poland; |
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Abstract: | During the chick-rearing period, little auks Alle alle adopt a bimodal foraging strategy, alternating long trips with several short ones. It has been postulated that they reach
more remote areas during long feeding trips than during short ones. However, the range of their foraging flights has never
actually been measured. The aims of this study were to find the exact location of the little auk feeding grounds and to investigate
whether they reach remote areas during long foraging trips using miniature GPS and temperature loggers. The study was conducted
in 2009 in Magdalenefjorden (79°34′N, 11°04′E), one of the main breeding grounds of little auks on Spitsbergen. The temperature
logger records indicated that during short trips, little auks visit warmer waters (situated close to the colony) than during
long ones. The tracks of two GPS-equipped birds indicated that during long trips little auks foraged in the distant, food-abundant
marginal sea ice zone, at least 100 km away from the colony. During long trips, birds make several stops at sea, perhaps sampling
the foraging area with respect to prey distribution. Since food conditions near the studied colony are usually suboptimal,
little auks may be exploiting distant feeding areas to compensate for the poorer-quality food available at nearby foraging
grounds. The extended duration of long foraging trips may enable birds to collect food for chicks on food-abundant, remote
foraging grounds as well as acquire, process and excrete food needed for self-maintenance, reducing the costs of flight to
the colony. |
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