酵母细胞对高渗环境的适应与胞内甘油累积

甘油是包括酿酒酵母在内的许多种酵母细胞中的主要相容性溶质。为适应在高渗环境下的生存,酵母细胞将在胞内累积甘油。胞内甘油累积的增加可由甘油合成的增强,甘油利用的减弱,细胞膜通透性下降导致的胞内甘油流失的减少以及从环境中吸取更多的甘油而产生。本文综述了酵母细胞对环境渗透压变化的信号传导,高渗诱导的基因表达,环境渗透压升高时酵母细胞内甘油的累积以及甘油合成的限速步骤。

Hyperosmoadaptation of Yeast Cells and Intracellular Accumulation of Glycerol

Glycerol is the main compatible solute in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and many other yeasts.It is accumulated intracellularly when cells are exponsed to decreased extracellular water activity.In general,increased intracellular accumulation of a solute may be caused by enhanced production,restricted dissimilation,increased retention by the plasma membrane and increased uptake from the medium.In this paper,we reviewed how the signal was converted to induce glycerol accumulation when extracellular osmolarity increases,the gene expression induced by hypertonic environment,the intracellular glycerol content in response to osmotic stress and te rate-limiting factors for glycerol production. ;