食物种类对尖吻蝮幼蛇开口率的影响研究

目的观察投喂不同食物时尖吻蝮（Dienagkistrodon acutus）幼蛇的开口率,研究尖吻蝮幼蛇对食物的选择性,寻找最适宜的尖吻蝮幼蛇开口饵料;研究气味对尖吻蝮进食行为的影响,为人工配合饲料开发提供理论基础。方法将尖吻蝮幼蛇随机分组,在相同条件下对幼蛇进行饲养,分别使用泽蛙、幼体蟾蜍、SD大鼠的乳鼠、昆明种小鼠幼鼠、大麦虫、蚯蚓、中华蟋蟀、蟑螂对尖吻蝮幼蛇进行投喂,并统计开口率;在黑暗条件下投喂新鲜的死泽蛙和小鼠肉块,减少振感和食物与环境间温差对尖吻蝮的刺激,观察记录尖吻蝮的进食行为。结果尖吻蝮幼体开口率与食物种类有明显相关性,对蛙类和鼠类的开口率较高,而对昆虫类几乎无捕食。同时存在多种食物时尖吻蝮对食物有一定选择性,对运动较活跃和体温较高的食物选择性高。尖吻蝮可凭借气味寻找到食物并完成进食,对死食的进食率较活食低。结论 （1）泽蛙和幼鼠是尖吻蝮幼蛇的理想开口饵料;（2）尖吻蝮捕食过程中,除依赖视觉、震感、颊窝红外热感等感知食物外,还可通过气味来识别食物。

Effection of food types on first feeding probability of baby snakes of Dienagkistrodon acutus

Objective To find optimal food for young Dienagkistrodon acutus,its feeding incidence and food selectivity on different food was conducted,and the odor effect on its predatory behavior was discussed as well so as to set solid foundation for the theory of compound feed exploitation.Methods The young Dienagkistrodon acutus was separated by randomization and raised in the same condition.Different kinds of small animal(Frog,young toad,SD neonate rat,Kunming neonate mice) and insects(Barley pest,earthworm,cricket and roach) were taken as bait to statistic the feeding incidence of the young Dienagkistrodon acutus.Under dark condition,fresh dead frog and meat of mice was feeded to test the odor effect on its predatory behavior.Results Strong positive correlation was observed between food variety and its feeding incidence,which showed its appetite on frog and mouse,but almost refused to ingest insects.It’s also demonstrated specific food selectivity,and those with high body temperature and with more active movement objects such as frog and mouse were preyed in high incidence.Additionally,Dienagkistrodon acutus showed odor sensitivity,it can complete sequential detection,tracing,location and ingestion behavior just by odor sensation.Conclusion(1)Frog and mouse are the best baits for young Dienagkistrodon acutus.(2)Our data revealed that excepted for vision,shake sensation and infrared heat sensation,Dienagkistrodon acutus can also prey by odor sensation,which implied the probability for artificial compound feed exploitation.