Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and mortality: NIH-AARP diet and health study

Purpose

Residing in deprived areas may increase risk of mortality beyond that explained by a person''s own SES-related factors and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and all-cause, cancer- and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality for men and women after accounting for education and other important person-level risk factors.

Methods

In the longitudinal NIH-AARP Study, we analyzed data from healthy participants, ages 50–71 years at study baseline (1995–1996). Deaths (n?=?33831) were identified through December 2005. Information on census tracts was obtained from the 2000 US Census. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quintiles of neighborhood deprivation.

Results

Participants in the highest quintile of deprivation had elevated risks for overall mortality (HR_men?=?1.17, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.24; HR_women?=?1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.22) and marginally increased risk for cancer deaths (HR_men?=?1.09, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; HR_women?=?1.09, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.22). CVD mortality associations appeared stronger in men (HR?=?1.33, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.49) than women (HR?=?1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38). There was no evidence of an effect modification by education.

Conclusion

Higher neighborhood deprivation was associated with modest increases in all-cause, cancer- and CVD-mortality after accounting for many established risk factors.