LaeA在丝状真菌次级代谢、生长发育和其他重要生物过程中的作用

LaeA是在构巢曲霉中首次鉴定的一种全局调控因子,其同源蛋白在丝状真菌中广泛存在,具有高度的保守性。LaeA及其同源蛋白序列存在S-腺苷甲硫氨酸结合基序,是一种甲基转移酶,可能影响组蛋白修饰,导致染色体结构的改变,进而调控一系列基因的表达。大量研究表明,LaeA及其同源蛋白参与调控丝状真菌多种次级代谢产物的生物合成,影响丝状真菌的生长发育和形态分化,甚至在丝状真菌生产有机酸和一些工业酶的过程中也发挥着重要作用。本文综述了LaeA及其同源蛋白的作用机制,以及该蛋白在丝状真菌次级代谢、生长发育和其他重要生物过程中的作用,并对存在的问题及应用前景进行讨论与展望。

The roles of LaeA in secondary metabolism,growth and development and other important biological processes of filamentous fungi: a review

LaeA was first characterized as a global regulator of secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulan. Its orthologs are highly conserved and have been identified in several filamentous ascomycetes. LaeA and its orthologs contain an S-adenosyl methionine binding domain and have similarities to methyltransferases. The function of LaeA and its orthologs on regulating gene expression has been linked to histone modification and changes in chromatin structure. A large number of studies have shown that LaeA and its orthologs are involved in regulating the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolism, morphological development and differentiation of filamentous fungi. Recently, LaeA orthologs were reported also to play a key role in the production of organic acids and some industrial enzymes. In this paper, the mechanism of action of LaeA orthologs and their effect on secondary metabolism, growth and development, as well as other important biological processes in filamentous fungi were reviewed. The existing problems and the application prospects of LaeA orthologs were discussed.