天麻栽培用蜜环菌的遗传多样性、生长和水解酶

蜜环菌Armillaria是一种广泛分布的担子菌,是栽培中药天麻所必须的共生菌。为揭示我国天麻栽培用和鄂西地区部分野生蜜环菌资源的遗传多样性和生物学特性,本文收集了9个省市EF-1-α的19个蜜环菌商品菌株和鄂西地区20株野生蜜环菌菌株,以IGS、ITS和elongation factor-1-alpha（EF-1-α）为分子标记对这些菌株进行系统发育与遗传多样性分析,并对影响与天麻共生的生物学特性（菌索发育和胞外水解酶活性）进行对比研究。结果表明,这19株蜜环菌商品菌株分别归属于2个clade。其中,有18个菌株聚在cladeⅢ,说明不同来源的蜜环菌商品菌株之间系统发育关系很近;通过对蜜环菌的系统发育、菌索生长以及胞外水解酶活性的研究,总体上商品种优于鄂西的野生蜜环菌生物种。从鄂西野生蜜环菌中筛选出4个具有潜在栽培价值的菌株。本研究为天麻栽培生产中蜜环菌菌种的选择提供参考。

Genetic diversity,growth and hydrolases of Armillaria spp. associated with cultivated Gastrodia elata

This study aims at revealing the genetic diversity and biological characteristics of commercial Armillaria strains used for Gastrodia elata cultivation in China and some wild Armillaria strains present in western Hubei Province. In total, 19 commercial strains of Armillaria from nine provinces and 20 wild strains from western Hubei Province were collected. The phylogeny and genetic diversity of these strains were analyzed using intergenic spacer, internal transcribed spacer and elongation factor-1-alpha as molecular markers. Their biological characteristics (rhizomorph development and extracellular hydrolase activity) that affect the symbiosis with G. elata were also studied. The results showed that all the commercial strains of Armillaria tested can be divided into two clades. Of which, 18 strains were clustered in clade Ⅲ, implying the close phylogenetic relationships of commercial Armillaria strains between different sources. With respect to, their phylogeny, rhizomorph growth and extracellular hydrolase activity, the commercial strains were superior to the wild strains collected in western Hubei Province. Four wild strains of A. mellea, 16022 (CBS N), 16032 (CBS O), 17021 (CBS F), and 18001, were deemed to have potential for cultivation of G. elata. This study provides a reference for selection of candidate Armillaria strains for the cultivation of G. elata.