Development of co-feeding relationships in immature free-ranging Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) |
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Authors: | Shinji Imakawa |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Comparative and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, 565 Osaka, Japan |
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Abstract: | The co-feeding relationships of immature Japanese monkeys in the provisioned situation were studied. The most frequent co-feeders
for immature females were diversified as compared to those for immature males. The number of immature females who showed strong
co-feeding relationships with their mothers gradually decreased with age in both high- and middle/low-ranking matrilines,
but the percent decrease was greater for middle/low-ranking immatures. Almost all immature females who displayed strong co-feeding
relationships with adult males were from middle/low-ranking matrilines. Strong co-feeding relationships with mothers among
immature males from high-ranking matrilines remained until 4 years of age. In contrast, strong co-feeding relationships with
mothers among middle/low-ranking immature males decreased rapidly in the first year of life, and most 1- to 4-year-olds showed
no strong co-feeding relationships with other group members. It is considered that middle/low-ranking mothers may not provide
their immatures with a secure base for obtaining food in the provisioned situation. |
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Keywords: | Macaca fuscata Free-ranging Immature Co-feeding Dominance |
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