基于GIS的澳大利亚蝗虫治理决策支持系统的运行

澳大利亚疫蝗委员会（APLC）负责澳大利亚内陆四个州2000000km^2上严重威胁农业生产的蝗虫种群的监测与防治。应用一个基于GIS的“决策支持系统（DSS）”采集，处理，分析并显示多种空间数据，以预测蝗虫种群的发育并辅助实施防治。所做预测有助于对蝗群集聚区做出早期定位并采取有效的预防措施。该DSS的数据采集包括田间调查资料的无线直传和网上逐日天气资料的下载，蝗群的分布和年龄结构信息通过定期GPS定位调查获得，并连同农场主和地方农技推广人员的虫情报告通过高频调制直接传至APLC总部的GIS服务器上；当前的调查资料用于估测蝗群的分布并作为空间发育模型的输入数据以确定实施防治的最适发育阶段的始期；降水分布和风温场资料从网上自动下载并与栖境条件和蝗群分布信息集成。同时，澳大利亚联邦气象局的在线天气资料及产品也从网上定时存取用于决策支持。

THE OPERATION OF A GIS-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR AUSTRALIAN LOCUST MANAGEMENT

The Australian Plague Locust Commission (APLC) is responsible for the monitoring and control of locust populations that pose a threat to agriculture in the inland areas of four Australian States, a total area of 2 million km\+2. A GIS based decision support system (DSS) is used to co ordinate the collection, processing, analysis and display of a range of spatial data for the forecasting of locust population development and to assist control operations. The resultant forecasts are used to help locate population aggregations early in a breeding sequence so as to enable effective preventive control. The data colection components of the DSS include wireless direct transfer of locust survey data from the field and daily internet collections of weather data. Locust distribution and age information is collected by APLC officers on regular vehicle surveys using GPS connected palmtop computers, and sent directly to a GIS server via high frequency (HF) radio modems. Locust reports from landholders and state extension staff are also incorporated into the system. The current survey data are used to estimate broad distributions, and to seed spatially explicit development models that can identify the timing of life stages that can be effectively managed. Information on the distribution of rainfall, temperature and wind fields is collected automatically from the internet and integrated with habitat information and locust distributions. Online weather data products from the Bureau of Meterology are also accessed regularly to assist in operational decision making.