利用控制实验研究植物物候对气候变化的响应综述

物候是植物在长期适应环境过程中形成的生长发育节点。长时间地面物候观测数据表明，近50年全球乔木、灌木、草本植物的春季物候期受温度升高、降水与辐射变化等影响，以每10年2 d到10 d的速率提前。但因植物物候响应气候因子的机制仍不清楚，导致对未来气候变化情景下的植物物候变化预测存在较大的不确定性。在此背景下，控制实验成为探究气候因子对植物物候影响机制的重要手段。综述了物候控制实验中不同气候因子（温度、水分、光照等）的控制方法。总结了目前为止控制实验在植物物候对气候因子响应方面得到的重要结论，发现植物春季物候期（展叶、开花等）主要受冷激、驱动温度与光周期的影响，秋季物候期（叶变色和落叶）主要受低温、短日照与水分胁迫的影响。提出未来物候控制实验应重点解决木本植物在秋季进入休眠的时间点确定、低温和短日照对木本植物秋季物候的交互作用量化、草本植物春秋季物候的影响因子识别等科学问题。

Using controlled experiments to investigate plant phenology in response to climate change: progress and prospects

Phenology is the occurrence time of plant growth and development events formed in the process of long-term adaptation to the environment. The long-term phenological observation data showed that the spring phenophases of trees, shrubs, and herbs advanced by 2 to 10 days per decade over the past 50 years, affected by temperature rises, precipitation, and radiation changes. However, the mechanism of plant phenology in response to climatic factors is still unclear, leading to greater uncertainty in predicting plant phenological changes under future climate change scenarios. In this context, the controlled experiments have become an important way to explore the mechanism of climatic factors affecting plant phenology. This study summarized firstly the control methods of different climatic factors (temperature, moisture, light, etc.) in the phenological experiments. Second, we summarized the critical conclusions of the controlled experiments about the response of plant phenology to climatic factors so far and found that the spring phenophases of plants (leaf-out, flowering, etc.) were mainly affected by chilling, forcing temperature and photoperiod, and the autumn phenophases (leaf coloring and fall) were mainly driven by low temperature, short daylength, and water stress. Finally, the study proposed that future controlled experiments should focus on determining the time for woody plants to enter dormancy in autumn, quantifying the interaction of low temperature and short daylength on autumn phenophase of woody plants, and identifying influencing factors for spring and autumn phenophases of herbaceous plants.