诱变育种在产油微生物生产DHA中的研究进展

二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对维持人体正常的生理功能至关重要,具有极高的生物医学价值。产油微生物是指具有很强的脂肪酸合成能力,DHA占总脂肪酸含量相对较高的一类微生物,是获取DHA的新途径。诱变育种作为一种有效的变异手段在产油微生物选育与改良中显示了极为重要的作用和十分诱人的前景。综述了通过物理和化学诱变选育高产DHA菌株的机理及方法,其中物理诱变包括γ射线、紫外线、离子束和常压室温等离子体等;化学诱变包括甲基磺酸乙酯、亚硝基胍和硫酸二乙酯等;主要介绍了不同诱变育种方式在产油微生物生产DHA研究方面取得的成就,探讨了诱变育种的发展方向,提出了不同诱变育种方式相结合的复合育种的思路,以期对今后产油微生物生产DHA的研究有所启发。

Mutagenesis Breeding in DHA Production by Oleaginous Microorganisms

Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)is essential in the maintenance of normal physiological function of human body and thus has significant biomedical value.Oleaginous microorganisms possess strong capacity to synthesize fatty acids and maintain relatively high percentage of DHA in total fatty acids.Mutagenesis is an effective and prospective breeding approach for the selection and improvement of oleaginous microorganisms.This review summarizes the methods and mechanisms of breeding the high-yield DHA strains by physical(γ-ray,ultraviolet,ion beam,and ARTP)or chemical(ethyl methanesulphonate,N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,and diethyl sulfate)agents.Also the paper introduces the research achievements on oleaginous microorganisms yielding DHA via varied mutation breeding methods,discusses the trends of mutation breeding,and put forward the idea of hybrid breeding by combining different breeding methods,its hoped that the study of DHA production by oleaginous microorganisms will be enlightened in the future.