新城疫疫苗研究进展

新城疫（Newcastle disease，ND）是禽类的病毒性疾病之一，能引发禽类神经系统、消化系统和呼吸系统损伤，死亡率高达30%，对家禽养殖形成了严重制约，因此，研究ND具有重要的经济意义。合理使用疫苗是防控新城疫疫情的主要方法。自1950年以来，新城疫减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗已被广泛使用，之后载体疫苗也进入商业化应用阶段。此外，疫苗佐剂的选择以及递送途径的优化也进入研究人员的视野。基于此，分析了新城疫传统疫苗、载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗的研发现状及前景，介绍了纳米粒子和新型免疫佐剂在新城疫疫苗研发过程中的应用进展，并总结了目前国内外常见的新城疫商业化疫苗，旨在为研制更高效、廉价的新城疫疫苗提供参考，从而进一步控制当前新城疫疫情的蔓延。

Progress on Newcastle Disease Vaccine

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the viral diseases of poultry, which can cause damage to nervous system, digestive system and respiratory system of poultry, with a mortality rate as high as 30%, which severely restricts poultry breeding. Therefore, it is of great economic significance to study ND. Rational use of vaccines is the main method to prevent and control Newcastle disease. Since 1950, live attenuated and inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines have been widely used, and then vector vaccines have entered the commercial application stage. In addition, the choice of vaccine adjuvant and the optimization of delivery route have also entered the researchers’ field of vision. Based on this situation, the research and development status and prospect of traditional vaccine, vector vaccine and virus-like particle vaccine for Newcastle disease were analyzed, and the application progress of nanoparticles and new immune adjuvant in the research and development of Newcastle disease vaccine was introduced. Then the common commercial vaccines of Newcastle disease at home and abroad were summarized, aiming to provide references for developing more efficient and cheap Newcastle disease vaccine, and further control the spread of Newcastle disease epidemic.