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Marine reserves: size and age do matter |
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| Authors: | Claudet Joachim Osenberg Craig W Benedetti-Cecchi Lisandro Domenici Paolo García-Charton José-Antonio Pérez-Ruzafa Angel Badalamenti Fabio Bayle-Sempere Just Brito Alberto Bulleri Fabio Culioli Jean-Michel Dimech Mark Falcón Jesús M Guala Ivan Milazzo Marco Sánchez-Meca Julio Somerfield Paul J Stobart Ben Vandeperre Frédéric Valle Carlos Planes Serge |
| Institution: | Centre of Tropical and Mediterranean Biology and Ecology, EPHE-CNRS UMR 5244, University of Perpignan, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France; Laboratory of Zoology and Marine Biology, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA; Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; Fondazione IMC, International Marine Centre, Onlus, Loc. Sa Mardini, 09072 Torregrande (Oristano), Italy; IAMC –CNR Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero Sezione di Oristano, Loc. Sa Mardini, 09072 Torregrande (Oristano), Italy; Deptartamento Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Laboratorio di Ecologia, CNR-IAMC, Via G. da Verrazzano 17, 91014 Castellammare del Golfo (TP), Italy; Marine Biology Unit, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain; Grupo de Investigación BIOECOMAC, Departamento de Biología Animal (Ciencias Marinas), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Laguna, c/ Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Canary Islands; Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio, Office Environnement de la Corse, La Rondinara, 20137 Porto-Vecchio, France; Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD S06, Malta; Dipartimento di Ecologia, Universitàdegli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; IEO, Centro Oceanogràfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, Aptdo. 291, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, PT-9901-862 Horta (Azores), Portugal |
| Abstract: | Marine reserves are widely used throughout the world to prevent overfishing and conserve biodiversity, but uncertainties remain about their optimal design. The effects of marine reserves are heterogeneous. Despite theoretical findings, empirical studies have previously found no effect of size on the effectiveness of marine reserves in protecting commercial fish stocks. Using 58 datasets from 19 European marine reserves, we show that reserve size and age do matter: Increasing the size of the no-take zone increases the density of commercial fishes within the reserve compared with outside; whereas the size of the buffer zone has the opposite effect. Moreover, positive effects of marine reserve on commercial fish species and species richness are linked to the time elapsed since the establishment of the protection scheme. The reserve size-dependency of the response to protection has strong implications for the spatial management of coastal areas because marine reserves are used for spatial zoning. |
| Keywords: | Asymmetrical analysis of variance coastal marine ecosystems commercial species fish assemblages heterogeneity marine protected area marine reserve age marine reserve design marine reserve network marine reserve size weighted meta-analysis |
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