A low-temperature-sensitive intermediate state between S2 and S3 in photosynthetic water oxidation deduced by means of thermoluminescence measurements |
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Authors: | H Koike and Y Inoue |
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Institution: | Solar Energy Research Group, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan |
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Abstract: | The temperature dependence of S-state transitions in Photosystem II was measured by means of thermoluminescence using two different protocols for low-temperature flash excitation: protocol A, “last flash at low temperature”, and protocol B, “all flashes at low temperature”. Comparison of the temperature-dependence curves obtained by these two protocols revealed a marked difference particular for the three-flash experiments. The difference was attributed to the formation of a low-temperature sensitive precursor state between S2 and S3. The state is formed by two flash illumination given at ?5 to ?50°C, spontaneously transforms to normal S3 on dark warming, and is not converted to S0 by the 3rd flash. The precursor state was tentatively assigned to an S3 in which H+ release is not completed. |
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Keywords: | Oxygen evolution Photosystem II S state transition Thermoluminescence (Spinach chloroplast) |
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