国家二级保护植物绵刺的生物、生态学特征

绵刺是一种古老孑遗的单种属植物,被国家列为首批二级保护植物,具有极其重要的科学研究价值。在分析总结多年的调查研究资料后,从绵刺形态特征、群落数量特征、繁殖特征及其生境等多个方面对绵刺的生物、生态学特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,好的生境中,绵刺的形态变异性大;在环境因子中,对水分的敏感性和依赖性最强,同时其分布和生长也受土壤类型和土壤盐分等的限制,生态适应性表现为耐高温、耐寒冷、耐瘠薄、适干旱、喜偏碱性环境;有三种繁殖方式,且三种方式的繁殖都比较困难,这是造成绵刺处于稀有状态的最主要原因。

BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NATIONAL SECONDARY PROTECTION SPECIES-POTANINIA MONGOLICA MAXIM

Potaninia mongolica Maxim is one of ancient and survivor species, belonging to single-species Potaninia genus of Rosace family. It has been classified as the national secondary protection species in 1980's. For a long time past,because of nature environment worsen and man-made damage,its distributive zone that is very narrow and small becomes smaller day by day,the number of the species reduce rapidly and its endangered degree becomes more serious. For this,it is very important to study on biological and ecological characteristics of Potaninia mongolica Maxim. By analyzing and summarizing materials investigated and researched for several years,the biological and ecological characteristics of Potaninia mongolica Maxim were researched on its morphological characteristics, community quantitative characteristics, ecological adaptability and propagation characteristics. Under good condition, the variety of modality is large. In all of ecological factors, Potaninia mongolica Maxim is most susceptibility and dependence to soil moisture, strict to the soil texture, not strict to the soil organic and nutrient, has special requirement for the soil salt content and pH. So Potaninia mongolica Maxim endures infertility, endures high temperature and cold, adapts to drought,and likes partial alkaline environment. It adapts to drought by stopping growth,so it is a kind of typical drought-avoidance plant. Potaninia mongolica Maxim has three breeding ways that are the seedling propagation,the splitting-root propagation and the germinated propagation of burial branch. All of them are difficult to reproduce, which is the major reason that Potaninia mongolica Maxim is a rare species.