Fatty liver: Role of inflammation and fatty acid nutrition |
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| Authors: | Christopher D Byrne |
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| Institution: | 1. Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;2. Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;1. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 40202, Louisville, KY, USA;2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 40202, Louisville, KY, USA;3. Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, 40202, Louisville, KY, USA;1. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom;3. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;4. Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;5. School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a wide spectrum of liver damage, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance and is defined by accumulation of liver fat >5% per liver weight in the presence of <10 g of daily alcohol consumption. The exact prevalence of NAFLD is uncertain because of the absence of simple noninvasive diagnostic tests to facilitate an estimate of prevalence but in subgroups of people such as those with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence may be as high as 70%. NASH is an important subgroup within the spectrum of NAFLD that progresses over time with worsening fibrosis and cirrhosis, and NASH is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. It is, therefore, important to understand the pathogenesis of NASH specifically, to develop strategies for interventions to treat this condition. The purpose of this review is to discuss the roles of inflammation, fatty acids and fatty acids in nutrition, in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of NAFLD. |
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