Regulation of lymphocyte homing. I. Alterations in homing receptor expression and organ-specific high endothelial venule binding of lymphocytes upon activation

Upon activation, lymphocytes display profound alterations in their in vivo migration behavior. In an attempt to understand some of the cellular mechanisms responsible for this altered behavior, in vitro stimulated lymphocytes have been analyzed for their expression of a putative homing receptor (HOR) (defined by mAb MEL-14) and for their ability to bind to specialized lymphoid organ high endothelial venules (HEV) in vitro. The results indicate that signals related to lymphocyte activation induce complex alterations in HOR expression and organ-specificity of HEV-binding: 1) submitogenic stimuli induce an increase in MEL-14 antigen expression. This applies to almost all lymphocytes in autologous cultures, for the fraction of cells in periodate, LPS- or Con A-treated cultures not fully activated and for cultures stimulated with suboptimal doses of Con A. 2) Full blast transformation is associated with a decrease or complete loss of MEL-14 antigen expression on the majority of blasts in all activating systems used, but a subset of up to 30 to 40% of fully activated cells may nonetheless express very high levels of the MEL-14 antigen. 3) Functional assays reveal that Con A and periodate stimulation lead to a selective, nearly complete suppression of the lymphocytes binding to HEV of Peyer's patches, even under conditions where overall binding to peripheral node HEV is increased. This indicates a differential regulation of the two respective receptors, with the mucosa system-specific HOR being more prone to down-regulation during in vitro activation by these mitogens.