Comparative studies of genetic diversity in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) varieties based on analysis of agronomic and RAPD data

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fiber crop classified in the genus Hibiscus (Malvaceae), and has a great potential for its multipurpose utilization, in addition to its traditional usage. Varietal identification of kenaf is always problematic and knowledge on genetic diversity of kenaf varieties is also limited, which significantly hindered our effective utilization and conservation of the valuable kenaf germplasm. In order to find a proper method for identifying kenaf varieties and studying their variation, morpho-agronomic characters and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were analyzed among 14 kenaf varieties commonly used in Japan. Data from morphological analysis showed that the included kenaf varieties could be divided into three major groups. The characters, such as middle stem diameter, whole stalk weight, and days to 50% flowering, are highly responsible for the variation of the kenaf varieties, but it is difficult to identify individual varieties merely by the morpho-agronomic characters. On the other hand, clearly separation of the kenaf varieties was achieved based on the RAPD variation patterns. Genetic relationship of the kenaf varieties can also be traced through the analysis of RAPD and morph-agronomic variation. It is concluded from the present study that RAPD analysis is an effective tool in identifying of kenaf varieties and determining their genetic relationships, particularly when combined with the analysis of morpho-agronomic characters.