泾河流域植被覆盖动态变化特征及其与降雨的关系

植被退化是全球环境变化研究的一个重点问题,植被状况是环境评估的重要指标.利用8km分辨率的NOAA-AVHRR/NDVI时间序列数据,对位于黄土高原的泾河流域1982～2003年植被特征及变化状况进行系统分析,并在此基础上评估降雨与流域植被的相互关系.研究主要利用了变化斜率法、主成分分析法和相关分析法,得到如下结论:过去22a来流域植被NDVI均值波幅和变化都很小,变化较显著的区域集中在流域上游和流域边缘的山区.变化斜率分析得出了类似的结论,气候变化以及人类活动导致的土地利用改变可能是影响在流域不同地区植被状态变化的主要原因.对NDVI时间序列的主成分分析发现PC1和PC2与植被覆盖和气候密切联系,PC3和PC4与流域汛期洪水有关,PC5和PC6体现了人类活动的影响.流域的NDVI与降雨显示了良好的相关性,降雨与NDVI相关性的阈值可能在550mm或更高.

Analysis of Jinghe watershed vegetation dynamics and evaluation of its relation to precipitation

Vegetation degradation is one of the key subjects in the study of global environmental changes, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is generally recognized as a good indicator of terrestrial vegetation productivity and growth status. To evaluate the vegetation dynamic changes in the Jinghe watershed on Loess plateau from 1982 to 2003, major methods of change slope, principal component analysis and correlation analysis were employed with 8 km resolution NOAA-NDVI time series data. Based on these analyses, the relationship between precipitation and NDVI was discussed. Results show that there has been little change in both amplitude and variety of NDVI during the past 22 years. Vegetation in the upper stream areas, typically the watershed marginal mountain areas, changes significantly. A trend analysis shows that the similar finding on vegetation dynamics in different areas tends to be induced by climate changes and human land use transformation. A standardized principal component analysis indicates that the first two components, PC1 and PC2, are closely related to vegetation and climate changes, while PC3 and PC4 are connected with floodwater in flooding seasons, and PC5 and PC6 reflect the effects of human activities. Finally, the correlation analysis shows that there is a close positive relationship in this region between NDVI and precipitation. The rainfall sensitivity threshold reaches 550 mm or even higher.