生态系统服务与贫困关联视角下生态扶贫策略的实施路径

生态文明建设与脱贫攻坚均是重要的国家战略。由于贫困与生态环境问题存在紧密耦合关系，在生态保护修复中探索生态扶贫措施的实施路径可获得生态环境改善与社会经济发展的双赢。构建生态系统服务-贫困关联分析模型，以山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点的山西省宁武县和静乐县为例，通过村级多维贫困指数（VPI）评价贫困程度，并结合生态系统服务识别出生态修复与生态系统服务提升的重点地区，最后在这些区域布局合适的生态扶贫措施。结果表明处于高贫困的区域占研究区总面积的41%，中贫困所占面积比例为47%，低贫困所占面积比例为12%，地形条件、劳动力状况、生活水平的差异构成了宁武县和静乐县贫困的空间分布格局。研究区水源涵养、土壤保持、食物供给等生态系统服务计算结果分别与贫困程度叠加出九种类型，并根据叠加结果将研究区划分为低贫困修复区、低贫困保护区、中贫困修复区、高贫困修复区和高贫困保护区五个区域，提出在高贫困保护区、低贫困保护区实施以保护为主的扶贫措施，在低贫困修复区、中贫困修复区、高贫困修复区要利用生态修复的契机解决乡镇的主要致贫因素。研究为贫困或欠发达的农村区域生态保护修复与生态扶贫的结合提供借鉴参考。

Implementation path of ecological poverty alleviation from the perspective of the relationship between ecosystem services and poverty

The ecological civilization and poverty alleviation are both important national strategies. Because there is a close coupling relationship between poverty and eco-environmental problems, exploring the implementation path of ecological poverty alleviation measures in ecological protection and restoration can achieve a win-win situation between ecological environment improvement and socio-economic development. In this paper, an analysis model of correlation between ecosystem service and poverty was constructed. Ningwu and Jingle counties in Shanxi Province was taken as the case area, where there are pilot projects of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-water-forests-cropland-lakes-grasses. The village-level multidimensional poverty indicators (VPI) is used to evaluate the poverty level and identify key areas for ecological restoration in conjunction with ecosystem services, and layout appropriate ecological poverty alleviation measures. The results show that high poverty areas account for 41% of the study area, middle poverty areas account for 47%, and low poverty areas account for 12%. Differences in terrain conditions, labor conditions, and living standards have formed the different spatial distribution pattern of poverty in Ningwu and Jingle County. The calculation results of ecosystem services such as water conservation, soil conservation, food supply in the study area were superimposed on the poverty level for each of the nine types. Based on the superimposed results, the study area is divided into five types of zones:low-poverty restoration area, low-poverty protection area, middle-poverty restoration area, high-poverty restoration area, and high-poverty protection area. The protection-oriented poverty alleviation measures will be implemented at the low-poverty protection area and high-poverty protection area. It shall use the opportunity of ecological restoration to solve the main poor factors at low-poverty restoration area, middle-poverty restoration area and high-poverty restoration area. This study provides a reference for the combination of ecological protection and restoration with ecological poverty alleviation in poor and underdeveloped rural areas.